三桶油完成PEM制氢“会师”，为什么是PEM？
开年以来，PEM电解槽市场一改往日的蓄力姿态，以密集的订单落地宣告其产业化进程的全面提速。从国内到国际，从单一设备采购到大型风光制氢一体化项目，PEM技术路线正凭借其独特的性能优势，在绿氢制备领域强势崛起，4月7日，随着中国海油首套兆瓦级PEM制氢装置在山西晋中成功投运，“三桶油”至此已全部完成在PEM制氢领域的实质性落子。这并非偶然的技术跟风，而是一场面向未来绿电-绿氢耦合发展的战略卡位。
Since the beginning of the year, the PEM electrolyzer market has changed its previous stance of cautious accumulation, announcing the full acceleration of its industrialization process through a dense rollout of orders. From domestic to international markets, from single equipment purchases to large-scale integrated wind and solar hydrogen projects, the PEM technology route is rising strongly in the green hydrogen production field thanks to its unique performance advantages.
On April 7, with the successful commissioning of China National Offshore Oil Corporation's first megawatt-level PEM hydrogen production unit in Jinzhong, Shanxi, all of China's 'three major oil companies' have now completed substantial moves in the PEM hydrogen sector. This is not a coincidental technological trend-following, but a strategic positioning aimed at the future development of green electricity-green hydrogen integration.
中海油：低调入局，高调突破
CNOOC: Entering quietly, breaking through boldly
此次中海油投运的兆瓦级装置，由其子公司——中海油（山西）贵金属有限公司自主研发。值得关注的核心数据在于贵金属催化剂用量的重大突破：阳极铱载量降至0.8mg/cm²，阴极铂载量低至0.3mg/cm²，均显著优于国内常规水平。要知道，贵金属催化剂成本高、资源稀缺，一直是制约PEM制氢大规模商业化的“命门”。中海油通过自主催化剂研发，将核心材料依赖大幅降低，这不仅是单台设备的降本，更意味着向摆脱进口贵金属催化剂约束迈出了关键一步。
The megawatt-level device put into operation by CNOOC this time was independently developed by its subsidiary, CNOOC (Shanxi) Precious Metals Co., Ltd. The core data worth noting is the significant breakthrough in the usage of precious metal catalysts: the anode iridium loading is reduced to 0.8 mg/cm², and the cathode platinum loading is as low as 0.3 mg/cm², both of which are significantly better than the domestic conventional levels. It should be noted that precious metal catalysts are expensive and scarce, which has always been a 'bottleneck' restricting the large-scale commercialization of PEM hydrogen production. Through independent catalyst development, CNOOC has substantially reduced dependence on core materials, which not only lowers the cost of a single device but also represents a key step towards freeing itself from reliance on imported precious metal catalysts.
该装置额定功率1兆瓦，单位制氢能耗仅4.3kWh/Nm³，氢气纯度达99.999%。虽然此前中海油在PEM领域声量不大，但2024年以来的电解槽加工服务、系统撬装辅助装置等采购动作，已为其完整的技术链布局埋下伏笔。
The device has a rated power of 1MW, with a hydrogen production energy consumption of only 4.3 kWh/Nm³, and a hydrogen purity of 99.999%. Although CNOOC previously had little presence in the PEM field, its procurement activities since 2024, such as electrolyzer processing services and auxiliary units for system skids, have already laid the groundwork for a complete technical chain layout.
中石化： 先发布局，全链贯通
Sinopec: First set the layout, connect the entire chain
在“三桶油”中，中石化对PEM技术的投入最早、链条最完整。早在2021年底，其首套30标方/小时PEM示范站就已投用，打通了从材料到系统的全套流程。2022年12月，兆瓦级PEM装置在燕山石化实现年产180吨绿氢，成为国内工业应用的标杆。
Among the 'three major oil companies,' Sinopec was the earliest to invest in PEM technology and has the most complete chain. As early as the end of 2021, its first 30 standard cubic meters per hour PEM demonstration station was put into operation, completing the full process from materials to systems. In December 2022, a megawatt-level PEM device at Yanshan Petrochemical achieved an annual production of 180 tons of green hydrogen, becoming a benchmark for industrial applications in China.
2025年3月，中石化公开展出250Nm³/h的PEM电解槽，由石科院与氢能机械公司联合研制。2026年4月，广州分公司获批建设光电制绿氢一体化项目，其中明确规划一座约3000m³/h的PEM制氢装置，预计2028年建成。中石化依托自身庞大的炼化用氢需求与加油站网络，将绿氢生产与消纳形成闭环。PEM的快速响应特性，恰好匹配其光伏等波动性绿电的制氢场景。
In March 2025, Sinopec publicly showcased a 250 Nm³/h PEM electrolyzer, jointly developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hydrogen Energy Machinery Company. In April 2026, the Guangzhou branch was approved to build an integrated photovoltaic green hydrogen production project, which explicitly plans a PEM hydrogen production unit of about 3000 m³/h, expected to be completed in 2028. Relying on its enormous hydrogen demand for refining and chemical processes and its gas station network, Sinopec will create a closed loop for green hydrogen production and consumption. The fast response characteristic of PEM perfectly matches its hydrogen production scenarios with intermittent green electricity from photovoltaics and other sources.
中石油：从0到1，能级跃升
PetroChina: From 0 to 1, level leap
中石油的PEM进程虽稍晚，但节奏紧凑。 2024年3月，首套50标方/小时示范站在玉门油田与光伏耦合成功，实现“零的突破”。仅两年后，2026年4月，其首套兆瓦级PEM系统便通过CNAS测试认证：额定产氢200Nm³/h，升降载速率达10%额定电流值/秒，压力最高3MPa，性能达到行业先进水平。从50到200标方，不仅是规模的扩大，更体现了中石油在电控、膜电极、系统集成等核心技术上的快速迭代能力。与油田伴生可再生能源电力的就地消纳结合，是其典型应用场景。
Although PetroChina's PEM process started slightly later, its pace has been compact. In March 2024, the first 50 Nm³/hour demonstration station was successfully coupled with photovoltaics at Yumen Oilfield, achieving a 'zero breakthrough.' Only two years later, in April 2026, its first megawatt-level PEM system passed CNAS testing and certification: rated hydrogen production of 200 Nm³/h, ramp-up and ramp-down rate of 10% of the rated current per second, maximum pressure of 3 MPa, with performance reaching advanced industry levels. From 50 to 200 Nm³/h, it not only represents a scale-up but also highlights PetroChina's rapid iterative capability in key technologies such as electrical control, membrane electrode, and system integration. Integration with local consumption of renewable energy generated alongside oilfields is its typical application scenario.
为什么是PEM？绿电时代的必然选择
Why PEM? The Inevitable Choice in the Era of Green Electricity
“三桶油”集体押注PEM，背后是技术特性与能源转型需求的深度契合。
随着风电、光伏等波动性绿电占比提升，制氢设备必须具备快速启停、宽功率调节的能力。PEM的动态响应特性，使其成为与绿电“联姻”的天然伴侣。而“三桶油”大量布局的风光制氢一体化项目，正是PEM发挥优势的主战场。当然，PEM的大规模替代并非一蹴而就。当前，其设备投资成本仍为碱性电解槽的2-3倍，主要源于贵金属催化剂（铂、铱）、全氟磺酸膜等关键材料价格高昂。此外，国内PEM电堆的寿命普遍在2-4万小时，与碱性电解槽的8万小时以上仍有差距。
The 'Big Three Oil Companies' are collectively betting on PEM, driven by the deep alignment between its technological characteristics and the needs of the energy transition. As the proportion of variable green electricity such as wind and photovoltaic power increases, hydrogen production equipment must be capable of rapid start-stop operations and wide power regulation. The dynamic response characteristics of PEM make it a natural partner for integrating with green electricity. The extensive deployment of wind and solar integrated hydrogen production projects by the 'Big Three' is precisely the main battlefield for PEM to demonstrate its advantages. Of course, large-scale replacement with PEM is not something that can be achieved overnight. Currently, its equipment investment costs are still 2-3 times that of alkaline electrolyzers, mainly due to the high prices of key materials such as precious metal catalysts (platinum, iridium) and perfluorosulfonic acid membranes. In addition, the lifespan of domestic PEM stacks is generally 20,000–40,000 hours, still lagging behind the over 80,000 hours of alkaline electrolyzers.
不过，以中海油此次的催化剂减量技术为代表，行业正在快速降本。据多家机构预测，随着国产化替代和技术迭代，PEM系统成本有望在2030年前下降40%-50%。“三桶油”的集体入场，释放了一个明确信号：PEM制氢已从实验室和小众示范，迈入央企主导的规模化工业应用前夜。它们的优势不仅在于资金与场景，更在于能够拉动上下游—从催化剂、膜电极到电解槽集成、工程化应用——形成完整闭环。
However, represented by CNOOC's recent catalyst reduction technology, the industry is rapidly cutting costs. According to multiple institutions' forecasts, with domestic substitution and technological iteration, the cost of PEM systems is expected to drop by 40%-50% before 2030. The collective entry of the 'three major oil companies' sends a clear signal: PEM hydrogen production has moved from laboratories and niche demonstrations to the eve of large-scale industrial applications led by state-owned enterprises. Their advantage lies not only in capital and application scenarios but also in their ability to drive the entire upstream and downstream chain—from catalysts and membrane electrodes to electrolyzer integration and engineering applications—forming a complete closed loop.
对于氢能产业而言，碱性电解槽解决了“从无到有”的问题，而PEM正承担着“从有到优、从能用绿电到用好绿电”的升级使命。当传统油气巨头纷纷变身“绿氢玩家”，PEM技术的每一次突破，都在为未来氢能社会的基石添砖加瓦。
For the hydrogen energy industry, alkaline electrolyzers have solved the problem of 'going from nothing to something,' while PEM is taking on the mission of upgrading from 'having it to optimizing it, from being able to use green electricity to using green electricity well.' As traditional oil and gas giants transform into 'green hydrogen players,' every breakthrough in PEM technology is laying bricks for the foundation of a future hydrogen society.
本文转载自：光储氢电公众号文章 如有侵权，请联系删除
